External Sources
Works outside the primary corpus that are cited by name in the catalog and for which a public-domain, CC-licensed, or freely-hosted English edition exists. Sources that are Arabic-only or locked behind copyright are referenced in catalog entries but not indexed here.
The Tanakh
Hebrew Bible · JPS 1917
The full 39-book Hebrew Bible (Torah · Neviʾim · Ketuvim) in the Jewish Publication Society's 1917 English translation. Baseline for questions of scriptural continuity and the biographies of the pre-Islamic prophets. 23,208 verses.
The New Testament
World English Bible (WEB)
All 27 books of the Christian New Testament, gospels through Revelation. WEB is a modern, public-domain English translation. Directly relevant to the Islamic Dilemma (Q 5:46–47, 5:68) and the crucifixion (Q 4:157). 7,958 verses.
Apocryphal Infancy Gospels
Infancy Thomas · Protev. James · Arabic Infancy
The three non-canonical infancy gospels behind the Quran's Jesus-narratives (clay birds animated, speech from the cradle, palm tree in childbirth, Mary in the temple). 97 chapters in the Roberts–Donaldson 1886 translations.
The Book of Enoch
1 Enoch · R. H. Charles 1917
Second Temple Jewish apocalyptic literature describing the fall of the Watchers, Enoch's heavenly journeys, and the Son of Man parables — parallels Hārūt & Mārūt, the jinn, and Islamic angelology. 108 chapters, 1,065 verses.
The Mishnah
Kulp / Mishnah Yomit
The foundational rabbinic legal text (redacted ca. 200 CE). 63 tractates across the six Sedarim, 4,192 mishnayot. Contains Sanhedrin 4:5 — the source passage behind Q 5:32's "whoever kills a soul" formulation.
The Talmud
Babylonian · Davidson Edition
~2,700 double-folios of rabbinic legal and narrative discourse on the Mishnah. Indexed here by tractate; the full William Davidson English Talmud lives at Sefaria under CC-BY-NC.
Flavius Josephus
Antiquities of the Jews · The Jewish War
First-century Jewish historian. His 27 books of Antiquities and Wars are independent external witness to the existence and crucifixion of Jesus (Antiquities 18.3.3, 20.9.1) — directly relevant to Q 4:157. Whiston 1737.
al-Balādhurī
Futūḥ al-Buldān · Hitti 1916, Murgotten 1924
9th-century history of the early Arab-Islamic conquests. The full two-volume English translation (as "The Origins of the Islamic State") is public domain. 34 parts, 168 chapters.
al-Bayḍāwī
Anwār al-Tanzīl (d. 1286)
The dominant madrasa tafsir of the late classical period. No complete English exists; Margoliouth's 1894 PD selection covers Sūrat Āl ʿImrān. Arabic sources linked for the rest.
al-Ghazālī
Iḥyāʾ ʿUlūm al-Dīn (d. 1111)
The classical synthesis of Sunni orthopraxy and Sufi ethics. The 4-volume Fazlul Karim English edition is hosted as PDFs on archive.org. 40 books across four quarters.
On the curation of this list
Across the ~1,500 entries, roughly 40 distinct external works are cited by name. Most of the classical Islamic scholarship (Ṭabarī's Tafsir and Tārīkh, Ibn Kathīr, Qurṭubī, Rāzī, Zamakhsharī, Suyūṭī, Ibn Isḥāq, Wāqidī, Ibn Saʿd, Fatḥ al-Bārī, Nawawī's Sharḥ, Dhahabī's Siyar, Ibn Taymiyya's Majmūʿ, Ibn al-Jawzī's Mawḍūʿāt, Ibn al-Nadīm's Fihrist) is either Arabic-only in any comprehensive edition or locked behind modern copyright. Those works are still referenced in the entries — readers should consult them via altafsir.com, sunnah.com, kalamullah.com, and archive.org as appropriate. Likewise the modern Western academic works by Crone, Cook, Hoyland, and Schacht are copyrighted; the entries cite them but they are not rehostable here.
The eleven sources above are the ones with a freely-usable English (or multi-language) edition that we can responsibly mirror or link to.