Sahla bint Suhayl Ordered to Breastfeed Adult Salim (Ibn Majah's Chain)
Ibn Majah 1666 records the same hadith as Muslim 1411 (entry m08) — adult breastfeeding to establish kinship. The Ibn Majah version provides cross-collection independent attestation for the canonical preservation of the doctrine. Jonathan A.C. Brown, in Misquoting Muhammad: The Challenge and Choices of Interpreting the Prophet's Legacy (Oneworld Publications, 2014), examines how classical hadith methodology evaluates reports transmitted through multiple independent chains and why multi-chain attestation is treated as the primary evidence of a ruling's canonical weight — precisely the structure that the Sahla/Salim reports display across Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah, making dismissal as an isolated aberration difficult to sustain on methodological grounds.
The substantive issues are addressed in entry m08. The Ibn Majah contribution: cross-collection consistency confirms the doctrine is canonical Islamic teaching, not a peripheral or contested narration. Ibn Hajar al-Asqalani, in Fath al-Bari (his voluminous commentary on Sahih al-Bukhari), records the scholarly debate over whether Sahla administered the milk directly or poured it into a vessel for Salim to drink — the interpretation favoured by al-Qadi Iyyad and endorsed by al-Nawawi. Both positions concede that Muhammad issued the instruction and that the milk established a kinship bar on marriage, leaving the doctrinal core intact regardless of the manner of transfer.
A parallel hadith within the same Ibn Majah collection is directly relevant to the textual history: Ibn Majah 1944 preserves Aisha's report that "The Verse of stoning and of breastfeeding an adult ten times was revealed, and the paper was with me under my pillow. When the Messenger of Allah died, we were preoccupied with his death, and a tame sheep came in and ate it." This account is graded weak by some hadith critics on account of Ibn Ishaq's presence in its chain; the version without the sheep narrative is considered stronger. Even so, the tradition is significant because it acknowledges that a Quranic verse on adult breastfeeding once circulated among the Companions — underscoring that the practice was not merely a one-off ruling but was considered worthy of Quranic regulation during Muhammad's lifetime.
The jurisprudential fall-out from the doctrine has continued into the modern era. In May 2007, Dr. Izzat Atiyya, head of the Hadith Department at Al-Azhar University, issued a fatwa arguing that a woman could breastfeed a male colleague five times to create a kinship bond that would legalise their working in private together. Reported by MEMRI (June 3, 2007), the fatwa provoked an uproar in the Egyptian parliament, widespread media ridicule, and Al-Azhar's suspension of Atiyya — but not because scholars denied the underlying hadith. The controversy arose precisely because classical scholars on both sides of the dispute agreed the Sahla/Salim precedent was authentic; the disagreement was solely over whether it was generalisable.
The analysis from entry m08 applies fully here.
- P1. Ibn Majah 1666 preserves the adult-breastfeeding (Sahla/Salim) hadith.
- P2. The hadith parallels Muslim 1411 with cross-collection independent attestation.
- P3. The doctrine permits adult breastfeeding to establish kinship for resolving household-religious problems.
- P4. The act is sexually charged in any non-religious context.
- P5. Companion-level disagreement and ongoing scholarly debate reflect the doctrine's contested character.
- P6. Modern application (2007 Al-Azhar fatwa by Dr. Izzat Atiyya, documented by MEMRI) has produced significant public discomfort — yet the controversy centred on generalisability, not on the authenticity of the Sahla/Salim hadith itself.
- P7. A morally serious revelation does not solve household-religious problems through adult breastfeeding. (See entry m08.)
Ibn Majah 1666 reinforces the adult-breastfeeding doctrine with cross-collection attestation. (See entry m08 for substantive analysis.)
Salim case was exceptional — not generalisable.
Aisha advocated extending the ruling beyond the single case; Ibn Hazm and the Zahiri school accepted adult breastfeeding as a general principle on the strength of her position. As Jonathan A.C. Brown explains in Misquoting Muhammad (Oneworld, 2014), classical hadith methodology treats multi-chain transmission as the strongest evidence of a ruling's authenticity — and the Sahla/Salim hadith circulates across Sahih Muslim, Sunan Abu Dawud, and Ibn Majah, making it difficult to dismiss as an isolated anomaly. (See m08.)
Indirect milk transfer preserves the principle without awkwardness.
Original case was direct; principle remains. (See m08.)
Salim was younger than the texts suggest.
Text describes adult/bearded man. (See m08.)
Wise social engineering of kinship.
Concedes kinship is being manipulated for convenience. (See m08.)
Modern context different from 7th-century.
The 2007 Atiyya fatwa (reported by MEMRI, June 3, 2007) proves the doctrine retains live legal force: scholars debated its application to modern workplaces, not its authenticity. Classical Sunni doctrine is not rendered inert by modern embarrassment. (See m08.)